Exploring the Factor that Determine Digital Transformation in Supply Chain of Perishable Agricultural Products: A Study

The digital transformation of supply chains has become increasingly significant, particularly in the context of perishable agricultural products. These goods are time-sensitive and highly vulnerable to post-harvest losses, making efficient supply chain management crucial. This study explores the key factors that determine the adoption and implementation of digital technologies such as blockchain, IoT, AI, and cloud computing within the supply chains of perishable agricultural commodities. While digital tools offer potential to enhance transparency, reduce wastage, and improve coordination among stakeholders, the actual implementation remains uneven, especially in developing regions. This research investigates the technological, organizational, and environmental determinants influencing digital transformation by employing the Technology-Organization-Environment framework and the Resource-Based View. It further examines the roles and perspectives of various stakeholders, including farmers, distributors, logistics providers, and retailers, in adopting digital innovations. The study highlights both enablers and barriers such as infrastructure readiness, investment capability, stakeholder collaboration, and policy environment. Through this analysis, the research seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics shaping digital transformation in the perishable agricultural sector. The findings aim to guide policymakers, agribusiness leaders, and technology developers in designing strategies that facilitate sustainable and inclusive digital adoption, ensuring enhanced food security, traceability, and economic efficiency. The study focuses on supply chains dealing with fruits, vegetables, dairy, and flowers, and acknowledges limitations related to regional diversity and access to digital infrastructure.