Health of pregnant adolescents: spatial analysis and public policy

Abstract This study investigated the health of pregnant adolescents in municipalities of the State of São Paulo from 2017 to 2021, using spatial and predictive analysis to discern patterns related to teenage pregnancy. Data from the Live Birth Information System were analyzed with tools such as Moran’s I Index of spatial dependence, identifying a reduction in the number of births to adolescent mothers, which points to the effectiveness of sexual education policies and access to contraceptives. However, regional inequalities were observed, with concentrations of teenage pregnancy in urban peripheral and rural areas. Low educational attainment and the prevalence of single mothers, particularly those of mixed race or Black, emerged as significant antecedents for explaining the spatial dynamics of the phenomenon and suggest the need for more inclusive and socioculturally adapted public and educational policies. The results emphasize the necessity of holistic approaches in public policies to effectively address teenage pregnancy.