Examining Adequacy of Sustainability and Circular Economy Competencies among Business Graduates: Evidence from the Developing World

This study aims to fill a gap in the literature on training needs assessment for the green industrialisation agenda at the university level in an under-researched developing country context. The study uses survey data from business degree graduates in a developing country to examine the inadequacies in sustainability competencies among graduates. The research uses data from graduates with industry experience ranging from 1 to over 10 years at various levels. The findings show that while there is a reasonable appreciation of sustainability concepts among graduates, their competence levels are significantly too low for meaningful engagement and leadership in sustainability practices. The study suggests that there is a need to infuse a higher dosage of sustainability, green, and circular economy content in business degree curricula, especially since graduates eventually become leaders in the private, public, and third sectors. This study pioneers transparency in training needs assessment for the green industrialisation agenda at the university level.