Developing Crisis Intervention Model Within Sociocultural and Spiritual Landscapes: Implications for Islamic Education in Malaysia

Crisis interventions assist psychologically distressed individuals to return to normal levels of functioning and to minimise the negative effects of psychological trauma. This study aims to develop an appropriate crisis intervention model that suits the sociocultural and spiritual context of Malaysian society, to test the validity and reliability of the crisis intervention model developed, and to integrate crisis intervention model developed in Islamic Education. A qualitative approach was used to collect data by semi structured interviews with a total of 24 respondents, consisting of counselling teachers and counsellors with over 10 years of experience in dealing with crisis cases. Seven counsellors and counselling officers are involved in testing the content validity and reliability of the model. To analyse, content analysis was used to develop main themes and sub-themes. Four stages of the crisis intervention model were developed. The model is named RPSD, which includes rapport (R), assessment (penaksiran) (P), support (S) and coping (daya tindak) (D). This crisis intervention model has high content validity (95%) and reliability is 0.77. The findings illustrate the relevance of the crisis intervention model developed in the sociocultural and spiritual context of Malaysian society. The RPSD crisis intervention model contributes comprehensive, concise yet easy and practical guidelines to help individuals with a crisis and suitable to integrate in Islamic Education. This integration acknowledges the importance of spirituality, especially in the coping stage during crises.