Family Roles in Shaping Discipline and Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students

This study is based on the importance of student discipline in shaping optimal learning outcomes and the significant role of parents in supporting the development of such discipline. The purpose of this research is to explore parents' understanding and involvement in managing discipline, parenting patterns applied, challenges in enforcing discipline, and the influence of social-economic class on parenting, learning facilities, and children's discipline. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that parents' understanding and involvement in managing discipline vary significantly based on social-economic levels. Low-income families tend to be permissive and inconsistent, while middle and upper-income families demonstrate more structured and democratic parenting patterns. The main challenges in enforcing discipline include weak parental supervision, environmental and peer influence, and uncontrolled gadget usage. Good discipline has a significant impact on attendance, learning concentration, and students’ academic achievement. The study concludes that student discipline is built through active parental involvement, consistent supervision, and effective communication between home and school.