From tribal chieftainship to autonomous council: understanding the intersectionality of governance in West Karbi Anglong, Assam, India

Whether traditional or modern, the pursuit of self-governance is fundamental to an Indigenous community’s ability to advance its collective interests and preserve its identity. The Karbi (one of the earliest hill tribes of Assam, India; previously known as Mikir) have both traditional and modern administrative bodies that coexist. The Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council, a contemporary democratic institution, relies on traditional institutions when making judgements about customary laws and regulations. In exchange, the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council supports traditional Karbi institutions, fostering an interdependent relationship. Both institutions aim to promote the unique cultural identity of the Karbi people. The Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council extended support to improve the traditional institution and elevate its customs by establishing village courts governed by customary laws. However, differences and similarities exist in their operations. This study investigates the symbiotic relationship between these two forms of self-governance, exploring how traditional values coexist with modern democracy. The research was conducted using qualitative methodology.