Determination of quality markers in supercritical CO₂ extracts of millet

Actuality.The article presents the results of a study on CO extracts of millet to determine their quality using various analytical methods.Establishing quality markers for millet extracts is crucial for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries to assess raw material quality.The purpose of this study is to identify and establish reliable quality markers for assessing the composition and value of millet supercritical CO extracts.Material and methods.A Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 Ultra gas chromatograph with a DB-WAX column (30 m 0,32 mm 0,25 m) was used to identify extract components.The fatty acid composition of the extracts was determined using a GC-2010AF Plus gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector and an HP-INNOWAX column (30 m 0,53 mm 1 m).Quantification of squalene was performed using a Shimadzu Nexera LC-30 liquid chromatograph with a photometric detector and a Symmetry C18 column (150 4,6 mm, 3,5 m).Research results.The following compounds were identified in the millet extract: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids, as well as squalene and miliacin.The fatty acid composition of the oil in the millet extract was considered a potential quality marker.It was found that the fatty acid composition in the selected samples was nearly identical, except for one commercial extract, which showed a significant difference in fatty acid ratios.An eco-friendly method for quantifying squalene using liquid chromatography with ethanol and isopropanol as solvents was developed, reducing environmental impact.Significant differences in squalene content were observed among the extracts: 1,05, 1,01, and 0,45% in flour, meal, and groats extracts, respectively, while only trace amounts of squalene were found in one commercial extract.Miliacin was detected in all extracts except for the same low-quality commercial sample. Conclusion.Based on the results obtained, the fatty acid composition can be considered an indicator of millet extract quality.Squalene and miliacin were identified as key quality markers of CO millet extracts.