Advancing Sustainable Soil Health Practices: Strategies for Quality and Global Competitiveness Among Cotton Farmers in Ghana

Purpose: The research aims to evaluate how cotton farmers in Ghana currently manage their soil and how these methods align with the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) criteria for sustainable soil health. This assessment will provide a baseline understanding of existing practices and their compatibility with international standards. Methodology/Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 cotton farmers to gather in-depth insights into their perceptions, practices, and needs related to sustainable soil management. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and patterns within the data. Findings: The study revealed that while farmers recognise the importance of soil health, their understanding of specific sustainable practices, such as cover cropping and reduced tillage, is limited, and misconceptions about costs and benefits are prevalent. Current soil management practices often rely on conventional tillage and inorganic fertilisers, with limited use of crop rotation, posing challenges to long-term sustainability. The study identified a complex interplay of technical (access to equipment, knowledge), economic (cost of inputs, market prices), social (community norms, extension services), and institutional (government policies, NGO support) factors influencing adoption decisions. Farmers expressed a strong need for practical, hands-on training, access to soil testing and expert advice, and financial support (credit, subsidies) to transition to sustainable methods. They also recommended information and education delivered through demonstrations and farm field schools. Practical and Social Implications: The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing these multifaceted challenges. Promoting sustainable soil health requires a holistic approach encompassing practical training, financial incentives, improved access to resources and information, and supportive policies. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers, extension services, and NGOs, informing the development of effective strategies to empower cotton farmers and promote the wider adoption of sustainable soil management practices, thereby contributing to a more resilient and productive agricultural sector. Originality: This study provides a nuanced understanding of the specific challenges and needs of cotton farmers in Ghana's Northern and Upper West Regions, particularly in relation to sustainable soil health practices. It highlights the importance of context-specific interventions and emphasises the necessity of addressing technical, economic, social, and institutional factors simultaneously to achieve meaningful and lasting change.