Islamic and Western Views on the Dynamics of Collective Participation in the National Defence System

Collective participation refers to the acts of two or more people in order to achieve a common objective and obtain rewards. However, some people disagree with this, resulting in participation alone. This is a dynamic of collective participation according to the argument on theories of collective participation such as Rational Logic and Expressive Logic, which are based on several factors such as rewards, incentives, and expressions of people’s participation, particularly in the national defence system. Therefore, this study intends to discuss the dynamics of people’s collective participation, particularly in the national defence system, from both an Islamic and Western perspective. The data collection is qualitative in nature, with comparative and deductive analysis conducted through sources such as books, journals, theses, and websites. This study revealed that the collective participation of individuals according to Islam, which is founded on the notions of jihad, fard ‘ayn, and fard kifayah, is seen as relevant to solve the problem of ‘paradox of participation’ in collective participation theory due to the difficulty of quantifying the cost of incentives and expression of participation. It also aims to serve as a source of inspiration for the people, motivating them to work together to preserve the sovereignty of their beloved country.