Epidemiology of Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural Cohort from Southeastern Bangladesh

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally, with a growing burden in rural populations, especially in low-income countries like Bangladesh. Identifying the epidemiological patterns and risk factors of hypertension in rural areas is essential for developing effective prevention and control strategies. Objective: The study aimed to explore the epidemiology of hypertension and its associated risk factors in a rural cohort from Southeastern Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2024, involving 250 hypertensive patients aged 40 years and above, recruited from three Upazila health complexes in Cox’s Bazar district: Chakaria, Kutubdia, and Ukhiya. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and clinical history were collected using structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed to identify associations between hypertension and potential risk factors, with p-values calculated to assess significance. Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of hypertension among housewives (32.0%) and farmers (28.0%). Overweight (40.0%) and obesity (16.0%) were significantly associated with hypertension (p=0.045). Smoking was prevalent in 36.0% of participants and was significantly correlated with hypertension (p=0.038). High salt intake was reported by 72.0% of participants, with a significant association with hypertension (p=0.041). Comorbid conditions such as diabetes (36.0%) and cardiovascular disease (28.0%) were also significantly related to hypertension (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study highlights that hypertension in rural Bangladesh is associated with multiple sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including occupational patterns, obesity, smoking, salt intake, and comorbidities. Public health interventions targeting these risk factors are crucial for mitigating the hypertension burden in rural settings.