Respiratory and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Jute Mill Workers: Occupational Health Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh

Background: Jute mill workers are chronically exposed to dust, repetitive motions, and poor ergonomics, placing them at risk of occupational illnesses. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among workers in a large jute mill in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2023 at Alhaj Jute Mills Ltd. in Sharisabari, Jamalpur. A total of 250 production workers were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires (ATS-DLD-78 and SNMQ), physical assessments, and spirometry following ATS/ERS guidelines. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with respiratory and musculoskeletal morbidity. Results: Among 250 respondents, 58.4% reported chronic respiratory symptoms, with 40.8% showing obstructive patterns on spirometry. Musculoskeletal disorders were reported by 63.2% of workers, predominantly affecting the lower back (42.0%) and shoulders (29.6%). A dual burden of both conditions was observed in 38.8% of participants. Significant predictors of respiratory symptoms included employment duration ≥10 years (aPR: 1.42), high-dust department (aPR: 1.31), smoking (aPR: 1.37), and lack of PPE use (aPR: 1.82). High ergonomic risk (REBA score ≥8) was the strongest predictor of MSDs (aPR: 1.68). Conclusion: Respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among jute mill workers in Bangladesh, with nearly 4 in 10 workers affected by both. Prolonged exposure, poor ergonomic conditions, and lack of protective equipment were key risk factors. Immediate interventions focused on dust control, PPE enforcement, and ergonomic improvements are essential to reduce the occupational health burden in this sector.