HPLC–DAD phytochemical profile, antioxidant, anti–inflammatory and analgesic properties of Sanguisorba minor L.: An in vitro and in vivo assessment

Sanguisorba minor L. is a plant species of the Rosaceae family to treat several illnesses. The purpose of this investigation is to verify the amount of flavonoids and polyphenols in the extract of the plant S. minor and to evaluate its antioxidant, anti–inflammatory and analgesic activities. Phytochemical profile of this plant extract was determined by HPLC–DAD. This latter was used to evaluate polyphenols in the ethanolic extract of S. minor, in addition to the previous study, an anti–inflammatory effectiveness of the extract was evaluated in vitro using the bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation test. The paw edema induced by carrageenan model and Xylene induced edematous foot model were used to evaluate the in vivo anti–inflammatory efficacy. Finally, the extract’s analgesic qualities were evaluated using the acetic acid–induced writhing test. The ethanolic extract exhibited a high content of total phenols (623.33 ± 0.01 µg EAG·mg-1 extract), but a relatively low concentration of flavonoids (8.71 ± 0.04 µg·mg-1 extract). The ethanolic extract’s IC50 value were 11.00 ± 0.00 μg·mg-1 of DPPH radical showed that it was a significant antioxidant; 3 ± 0.00 μg·mg-1 for OH radical scavenging ; and 7 ± 0.00 μg·mg-1 for FRAP assay. Methyl gallate and other chemicals, including gallic acid, rutin, syringic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid were identified by the HPLC–DAD analysis, suggesting that the sample contained a high concentration of phenolics. The extract’s powerful ability to scavenge and reduce radicals indicated that it exhibited high antioxidant capacity. At 150 and 300 mg·kg-1 the ethanolic extract of the S. minor showed notable anti–inflammatory action with inhibition percentages of 87.22 ± 0.38%, and 57.65 ± 0.42, respectively. At a concentration of 150 mg·kg-1, the ethanol extract exhibited the greatest analgesic activity (84.30%), showing a more pronounced inhibitory effect on abdominal cramps compared to the 300 mg·kg-1 concentration. The extract of the plant of S. minor is rich in polyphenols, demonstrating significant antioxidant, anti– inflammatory, and analgesic properties.