Physicians not in direct contact with breastfeeding: knowledge of the compatibility with diseases and the most prescribed drugs in their specialty

The lack of breastfeeding training among physicians who indirectly attend to mothers providing this type of feeding to their babies could lead to its inadequate suspension. There are no impactful scientific publications addressing knowledge about breastfeeding among medical professionals who are not usually in contact with it, such as surgeons, nephrologists, internists, or cardiologists. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of physicians who are not directly involved in breastfeeding regarding its compatibility with drugs or diseases and related issues, as well as the available resources to consult its compatibility. The study also aims to analyze whether knowledge varies according to the center Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) accreditation, specialty (medical/surgical/medical-surgical), and job position (resident/attending). This was a multicenter and cross-sectional observational study conducted in Spain, between October 2023 and February 2024. All physicians from hospitals or health centers in the country were included, resulting in 418 surveys. The questions were grouped into blocks: the first block included demographic data; the second block included general knowledge about breastfeeding; the third block included compatibility with diseases and drugs; and the fourth block included resources for consultation. Although 87% (365/418) of the physicians treated women who were breastfeeding at least once a year, they reported having limited training in breastfeeding, especially basic issues, and compatibility with drugs. In cases of doubt, 57% (238/418) reported seeking a reliable source. BFHI accreditation, specialty, or job position had little influence on the results. Nevertheless, we observed a higher percentage of correct responses in BFHI paediatric care centers and hospitals. The results of this study highlight the lack of training in breastfeeding issues among professionals who are not in direct contact with breastfeeding women. This knowledge gap is particularly evident in basic questions about breastfeeding and its compatibility with various medications. This emphasizes the importance of investing in breastfeeding promotion and education across all clinical settings, not only among paediatricians or obstetricians, but throughout the entire healthcare system. Encouraging a multidisciplinary approach can significantly improve support for breastfeeding women and ultimately benefit maternal and infant health outcomes.