Redefining Reality: Holographic and Light Field Display Technologies for Immersive, Glasses-Free 3D Communication and Human-Centered Interaction

Abstract—Advancements in three-dimensional (3D) visualization are fundamentally transforming the landscape of digital communication and human–machine interaction. This paper explores the evolution and application of holographic and light field display technologies as next-generation platforms for immersive, glasses-free 3D communication. The study investigates the limitations of conventional stereoscopic displays, such as visual fatigue and restricted depth cues, and positions holographic and light field systems as viable alternatives capable of delivering natural depth perception and improved user comfort. Through a comprehensive review of computational imaging techniques, photonics-based projection systems, and spatial light modulation, this research highlights key technological enablers that support high-resolution, multi-viewpoint content generation. Methodologically, the paper employs a comparative framework to assess performance metrics across existing prototypes and commercial solutions, emphasizing factors such as resolution, field of view, latency, and energy efficiency. The findings indicate that recent breakthroughs in real-time holographic rendering and compressed light field reconstruction significantly enhance visual fidelity and user engagement. Implications of these technologies are examined across domains including telepresence, remote education, medical visualization, and human-centered AI interfaces. The paper concludes by addressing current challenges related to scalability, data processing demands, and system integration, and proposes future directions for interdisciplinary collaboration. These insights contribute to the ongoing redefinition of digital reality, offering a foundation for the development of practical, immersive, and human-centric communication systems. Keywords—holographic display, light field technology, immersive 3D communication, glasses-free 3D, spatial light modulation, computational imaging, telepresence, human-centered interaction, visual computing, next-generation displays