Investigating the Effect of <i>Ferula assafoetida</i> L. Extract and <i>Farnesiferol</i> on Adapter Activation and Inhibition of Metastasis of Genes Involved in the Severity of Malignancy in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

The discovery of efficient therapies for metastatic illness is essential since breast cancer continues to pose a serious health threat. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility that extract from <i>Ferula assafoetida</i> L. and a natural substance called <i>farnesiferol</i> may stop the spread of breast cancer by preventing the expression of genes linked to cell invasion. <i>Ferula assafoetida</i> L. extract and <i>farnesiferol</i> were tested for cytotoxicity using the MTT assay after MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were punctured. Apoptosis induction was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related genes was evaluated utilizing quantitative real-time PCR. The evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) was performed. A study found that <i>farnesiferol</i> significantly increased the survival rates of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 h. The IC₅₀ of <i>Ferula assafoetida</i> L. and <i>farnesiferol</i> was 1000 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Treatment with <i>Ferula assafoetida</i> L. and <i>farnesiferol</i> led to apoptosis in MCF-7 cells at 41.1% and 62.7%, respectively. In MDA-MB-231 cells treated with <i>Ferula assafoetida</i> L. and <i>farnesiferol</i>, apoptosis rates were around 1.60% and 2.27%. The transcription levels of <i>GPX</i>, <i>P53</i>, and <i>MMP2</i> genes were also significantly increased in both groups. <i>Farnesiferol</i> has promise as a powerful therapeutic agent for breast cancer by modulating cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Additional study is necessary to confirm the therapeutic effectiveness of <i>farnesiferol</i> and elucidate its mechanisms in breast cancer.