Transforming Organic Waste in Varanasi: A Study on Decentralized Biogas Plants and Policy Recommendations

Varanasi, an ancient city, needs help to effectively handle its fast-growing organic garbage due to urbanisation and population expansion. Organic waste, a significant proportion of municipal solid trash, poses environmental and public health risks if poorly handled. This study examines the present condition of organic waste management in Varanasi, assessing the city's patterns of waste generation, collection methods, and treatment technology. This research highlights the importance of sustainable solutions. It emphasises the deficiencies in the current system, such as the deficient infrastructure function due to unsegregated waste and low public awareness. The article explores the functioning of 3 decentralised waste-to-energy (WTE) plants, i.e. Bhavania Pokri, IDH Khazakpura, and Paharia Mandi. This plant operates on the principle of Anaerobic Digestion Technology, viz. DRYCO-ADTM technology, apart from anaerobic digestion composting and biogas generation, is also practised as a feasible alternative to conventional waste disposal techniques. The study proposes implementing legislative interventions, conducting capacity-building initiatives, and fostering community participation to improve the practice of separating organic waste at its origin and encourage the establishment of waste processing facilities at local levels. Varanasi can transform its organic waste challenge into an opportunity for resource recovery, contributing to environmental sustainability and improved urban living conditions.