Molecular Identification of Trypanosoma evansi Isolated from Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Sokoto and Its Environs, Nigeria

Trypanosoma evansi is a significant pathogen affecting camels, with limited molecular epidemiological data available in Sokoto and its environs, Nigeria. This study aimed to identify T. evansi using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) across key camel-rearing zones in Sokoto State. A total of 400 camels were selected using convenience sampling technique from abattoirs, markets, and households across four Local Government Areas (LGAs). Blood samples were collected and screened microscopically using Giemsa stain, with 54 positive samples subjected DNA extraction, measuring DNA purity and its concentration, then PCR, targeting three genes: ESAG 6/7, ITS-1, and RoTAT 1.2. Finally, PCR products were analyzed via agarose gel electrophoresis. Results demonstrated that 83.33% (46/54) of the samples were positive for ESAG 6/7 gene, 96.30% (52/54) for the ITS-1 gene, and 96.30% (52/54) for the RoTAT 1.2 gene, which indicate very high positivity rates for the three target genes of T. evansi among camel population. The high positivity rates suggest that majority of the tested camel population is infected with T. evansi associated with these genes It is recommended that routine molecular surveillance of T. evansi be implemented in camel populations to facilitate early detection and improve control strategies for trypanosomosis. Further studies should focus on molecular characterization of T. evansi so as to inform a targeted intervention strategy against the parasite in the region.