Heatline analysis of magnetic lid-driven radiated nanofluids flow via trapezoidal cavity in porous media

A thorough analysis of heat transfer in a trapezoidal enclosure filled with nanofluid is carried out in this paper, taking into account the influences of moving lids, a magnetized force, a porous medium, and a heat source. The current study promotes heat exchange in a system that has numerous associated mechanisms, which is important for developing efficient cooling systems for a variety of applications, such as solar collectors, electronics, and microfluidic devices. The aim of the examination is to analyze the lid-driven mixed convection heat transmission behaviour of the system utilizing heatlines to visualize heat flux pathways, while streamlines represent the flow pattern under the various considered parameters: characteristics compared to conventional fluids, Richardson numbers. ( 0.01 ≤ R i ≤ 10 ) , solid fraction sizes ( 0.0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.06 ) , inclination angle ( 0 ≤ δ ≤ 180 0 ) , Darcy number ( 0.001 ≤ D a ≤ 0.1 ) , Hartmann number ( 0 ≤ H a ≤ 60 ) , and heat generation parameter ( 0 ≤ Q 0 ≤ 3 ) . The working fluid is chosen to be an Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid. The finite difference methodology (FDM) is applied to transform the regulating equations into a velocity–stream function formulation. The qualitative findings are shown via streamlines, isotherms, and heatlines plots, and the quantitative thermal performance is determined by the average Nusselt number. The outcomes of this investigation show that an upsurge in Richardson number causes the heat transmission rate to increase by 25.69 %, while an increase in Darcy number causes it to increase by 110.35 %. The heat transmission rates decrease by 35.55 % when the Hartmann numbers rise because the Lorentz force restricts fluid motion. Furthermore, the flow behavior is considerably altered by the increase in the heat-generating component. The convective process is shown to be dominated by large Richardson numbers, resulting in the maximum heat transmission rate in the system.