Use of X means and C4.5 algorithms on lateral cephalometric measurements to identify craniofacial patterns

The combination of X-means clustering and C4.5 decision tree analysis enabled the identification of four distinct craniofacial sub-phenotypes across all skeletal malocclusion classes. Four sub-phenotypic categorizations of all skeletal malocclusions were obtained. Mandibular plane inclination and interincisal angle were the most critical variables distinguishing these phenotypes. Assessing various forms of skeletal malocclusions may improve clinical outcomes and diagnostics by showing how different skeletal classes interact.