Assessment of phytochemical composition and antioxidant, antibacterial, and amylase-inhibitory potency of Pedilanthus tithymaloides from Jharkhand, India

Pedilanthus tithymaloides (P. tithymaloides), also known as Euphorbia tithymaloides, is a widely distributed plant traditionally used in herbal medicine for the treatment of various ailments. It is reported to contain a diverse range of bioactive secondary metabolites with significant pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of P. tithymaloides leaf extract through LC-MS and FTIR profiling, and to assess its antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and in vitro anti-diabetic potential by measuring its amylase inhibitory activity. Notably, the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of P. tithymaloides collected from Jharkhand have not been previously investigated. The results of LC-MS and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenolics, proteins, and amino acids. Additionally, the extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, strong α-amylase inhibitory activity, and marked antibacterial impact against selected bacterial strains. These findings suggest that P. tithymaloides has promising therapeutic potential, warranting further exploration and identification of its phytochemical constituent compounds and their biomedical applications.