Enhancing hydraulic performance of navigation lock culverts through simulation-driven multi-objective optimization

This study aims to enhance the hydraulic performance of navigation lock culverts by applying a simulation-driven, multi-objective optimization approach. The primary objective was to improve the efficiency and safety of the lock filling process—minimizing transit time while ensuring vessel stability and flow uniformity—within the construction constraints of the planned “Staré Město” lock in Prague. The methodology integrates parametric geometry modeling with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and sensitivity-based optimization. The optimization process was divided into stages: steady-state simulations were used to refine the upstream and downstream culvert geometry, followed by unsteady CFD analysis to validate the final design under realistic operating conditions. The optimized culvert design achieved a desired filling time, increased peak flow capacity and improved flow uniformity at the chamber entrance, all while meeting critical safety criteria. This study demonstrates the practical benefits of combining parametric modeling and CFD-driven optimization in the design of complex hydraulic structures, offering a scalable approach applicable beyond the context of navigation locks. Simulation-driven design helped design a more efficient and safer water channel for filling a ship lock. The final design speeds up the lock filling process while keeping water flow gentle on moored vessels. This design approach can be reused for other water structures to save time, cost, and improve safety.