Centring lived experiences in food environment research: A methodological framework and application in Colombo, Sri Lanka

Poor-quality diets and diet-related non-communicable diseases are a pressing global issue. Food environments, where everyday food choices intersect with broader food system dynamics, have emerged as a key policy intervention point. However, these environments are complex, shaped by physical, social, cultural, and political factors, and require insights from diverse stakeholders, especially those who provide and consume food. The objective of this research is twofold, firstly providing an in-depth methodological framework for taking a 'lived experience' approach to studying food environments which is adaptable to different contexts, emphasizing community-centred research and policy engagement. Secondly, documenting the findings of this multi-layered and rich methodology in Colombo, Sri Lanka thereby providing a resource for those wanting to understand and act on the challenges of this urban context. This study integrates multiple participatory methodologies such as in-depth interviews, photovoice, geospatial mapping, and collaborative needs assessments engaging community members, vendors and policy stakeholders, across two food environments in Northern Colombo. The findings highlight key challenges voiced and captured by community members and vendors, including rising food costs, quality and safety concerns, the impact of infrastructure and utilities, interpersonal trust, and health needs, which inform food access and choice. These insights have informed community-led policy recommendations and interventions that extend beyond the traditional food environment toolbox, aiming to improve equitable access to healthy, affordable, and culturally appropriate food in low-income urban areas.