Liquid-Phase Exfoliation-Based TiS₂/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for High Retention Symmetric Supercapacitors

Exfoliated titanium disulfide (TiS2) shows promising behavior for energy conversion and storage. Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is one of the effective techniques employed to obtain exfoliated nanosheets of TiS2. These nanosheets are then hybridized with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to form a TiS2/MWCNT nanocomposite (NC) using the same LPE technique. This TiS2/MWCNT nanocomposite electrode fabricated on Ni foam (NF) shows the highest specific capacitance of 1547.2 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s compared to earlier reported TiS2 electrodes. The maximum energy density of this electrode is 42.5 Wh/kg at a current density of 3 A/g. The high specific capacitance of the nanocomposite could be attributed to the molecular synergy of the faradaic and nonfaradaic mechanisms of TiS2 and MWCNT, respectively. When assembled in a symmetric device of NF/NC/PVA-KOH (3M)/NC/NF, it exhibits a specific capacitance of ∼8.33 F/g with energy and power densities of 2.6 Wh/kg and 337.5 W/kg, respectively. The device displays a capacity retention of 98.2% even after 5000 charge/discharge cycles, which signifies the extraordinary cyclic charge–discharge stability achieved by our designed nanocomposite. This work explicitly demonstrates the industry-level scaling potential of the LPE method used for the processing of TiS2 for supercapacitor fabrication.