Epilepsy in alzheimer's disease: pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic features

Epileptic seizures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent a significant clinical challenge that substantially affects disease progression and patients' quality of life. This review examines current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying paroxysmal activity in AD, including the role of β-amyloid, tau protein, and neuroinflammation. Special attention is given to novel diagnostic approaches, including biomarkers, neuroimaging techniques, and EEG monitoring protocols. The clinical features of epileptic seizures in AD, their classification, and age-related differences in manifestation are analyzed. The review addresses the problem of epilepsy underdiagnosis in AD, which reaches 70% of cases in routine clinical practice. Current diagnostic algorithms and clinical guidelines are presented. The review emphasizes the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis and the importance of early identification of epileptic activity as a potential marker of neurodegenerative process.