Evaluation of Plasma Galanin Hormone Levels in Iraqi Women Patients with Endocrine Thyroid Disorder

Background: Thyroid hormones play a vital role in regulatory processes, including metabolism, energy balance, and neuroendocrine function. Galanin, a neuropeptide expressed throughout many organs and tissues in the body, including the brain and peripheral tissues, is implicated in hormonal regulation and metabolic processes. Evidence suggests a potential relationship between galanin and thyroid function, particularly in hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Aim of the study: Assess whether galanin acts as a biomarker or elucidates the pathogenesis of thyroid dysfunction by comparing galanin levels in women recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and normal thyroid function. Subjects and Method: We performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure serum galanin concentrations in a case-control study comprising (n=60) diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction, including (n=30) with hypothyroidism and (n=30) with hyperthyroidism, compared with apparently healthy control subjects (n=30). Demographic information was obtained from all participants, including age and BMI. in addition, biochemical parameters were also estimated in all participants, including thyroid function test, lipid profiles and liver enzymes Results: significantly serum concentration of galanin hormone was increased sharply in patient with hyperthyroid comparing with hypothyroid group (p-value<0.001) and with control subject (p-value<0.001). Furthermore, are slightly correlated with LDL-C. Conclusion: These results suggest a possible regulating function of galanin in thyroid hormone imbalance and its potential involvement with the pathogenesis of thyroid dysfunction.