Threads of Compassion and Peace: Uncovering Shared Values in Raḥmah and Karūṇa for Social Harmony

This study explores the similarities between raḥmah in Islam and karuṇa in Buddhism to promote social harmony and interreligious understanding. Using a qualitative design, it analyzes theoretical data from Islamic and Buddhist scriptures. The findings reveal that both raḥmah and karuṇa represent core virtues of compassion, empathy, and care, which is are the central teachings in both religions. Three key similarities are identified: (1) both concepts fundamentally refer to compassion involving empathy and protection; (2) the Buddha and Prophet Muhammad serve as ideal models of selfless love and service; and (3) both concepts extend compassion universally to all beings, forming ethical foundations in both traditions. These shared values are evident in interfaith initiatives, relief efforts, and community programs in Malaysia. The study proposes a framework for compassionate leadership and inclusive governance, encouraging long-term collaboration and mutual respect among Muslim and Buddhist communities, and beyond.