Comparative analysis of energy and resource efficiency in primary cutting of natural stone for waste minimization

Purpose. The aim of the study is to improve the primary cutting technology in the extraction of natural stone blocks, particularly labradorite, through optimization of borehole placement and the implementation of diamond wire cutting while abandoning the use of chemical rock splitting agents (CRSA). The methods. The research was conducted at the Katerynivske labradorite deposit, which is characterized by favorable mining and geological conditions. Two alternative technological schemes for primary cutting were analyzed: one employing the CRSA "Litokol," and the other relying solely on diamond wire cutting combined with mechanical splitting using wedges. The methodology included time-and-motion studies of technological operations, assessment of raw material losses during drilling and cutting, determination of the yield of marketable products, and a techno-economic comparison of both approaches. Findings. It was found that the scheme involving CRSA results in lower material losses during drilling and cutting operations and reduces cycle time by up to 45%. However, it generates a higher proportion of substandard blocks due to microcracks and irregular fracture surfaces. In contrast, the alternative scheme without CRSA led to a significant increase in the yield of commercial-grade products (up to 74.1% compared to 45.77%), improved block shape, and enhanced market value, despite longer process duration and higher cutting losses. The originally. For the first time in domestic natural stone extraction practice, the efficiency of primary cutting using two alternative technological schemes was comprehensively analyzed, taking into account the specific requirements for forming monoliths with two free surfaces. The study substantiates the advantages of combining diamond wire cutting with wedge-based splitting over traditional explosive methods, particularly in terms of preserving rock integrity and ensuring economic viability. Practical implementation. The results obtained can be directly applied in enterprises engaged in block stone extraction. The proposed scheme enhances production profitability, allows technological adaptation to the geological conditions of specific deposits, and reduces the environmental impact through the minimized use of chemical reagents. Implementation is recommended at sites with elevated requirements for block quality and geometric precision.