Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Smart Agriculture: Concepts, Applications, and Challenges

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in modern agriculture, revolutionizing traditional farming practices into smart agriculture ecosystems. This paper presents the ideas and uses of AI in smart agriculture, therefore highlighting its great influence on improving farming efficiency, sustainability, and production. Consisting of several layers that enable data collecting, analysis, and decision-making in farming operations, we suggest in this paper an AI-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) architecture for smart agriculture. This paper also investigates several AI-driven technologies like Machine Learning (ML), computer vision, and IoT integration, which enable farmers with real-time data insights, predictive analytics, and autonomous decision-making capability. We also look at how AI might solve important agricultural problems, including resource optimization, climate resilience, insect control, and crop monitoring. This paper clarifies the bright future of smart agriculture driven by AI in guaranteeing sustainable farming and world food security.