Artificial Intelligence in Architectural Education: Rethinking Creativity, Ethics, and Pedagogy in the Digital Age

This study explores the multifaceted role of artificial intelligence (AI) in architectural education, examining its impact on creativity, pedagogy, ethics, and curriculum design. As AI technologies such as generative design tools, machine learning algorithms, and adaptive learning systems become increasingly embedded in design education, architectural pedagogy is confronted with both novel opportunities and significant challenges. Through a systematic literature review and thematic analysis, four central themes are identified: the potential of AI to expand creative capacity; its ability to enhance adaptive and personalized teaching; the ethical and epistemological dilemmas it introduces particularly concerning authorship and transparency; and the curricular changes needed to support computational thinking and interdisciplinary collaboration. The findings highlight the need for architectural educators to integrate AI not as a replacement for human-centered design thinking, but as a complementary tool that stimulates critical inquiry, reflective practice, and ethical awareness. While AI can democratize access to feedback and broaden design exploration, its implementation must be grounded in thoughtful pedagogical strategies and a robust ethical framework. The study concludes by advocating for a balanced integration of AI that safeguards the cultural, intellectual, and creative foundations of architectural education while preparing students for an increasingly AImediated professional landscape.