Understanding the uptake and use of noninvasive ventilation among Australians living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: results of a national survey

<i>Objective:</i> Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves quality of life and extends survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), yet NIV uptake among Australians with ALS has been estimated at 19%. This study aimed to identify demographic and disease-related factors associated with NIV uptake among people with ALS (pwALS). <i>Methods:</i> A national cross-sectional survey. PwALS (or their family caregivers) completed an online survey about their NIV use and healthcare experiences. Survey data were analyzed descriptively. Associations between demographic factors and three dichotomous NIV outcomes: "using NIV"; "offered and accepted NIV"; and "discussed NIV with a healthcare professional (HCP)" were investigated using multivariate logistic regression modeling. <i>Results:</i> A total of 224 responses were received, of which 201 completed the demographic questions. Mean (SD) age was 64 (11) years, 62% were male, and median (IQR) time since diagnosis was 2 (1-5) years. Forty-six percent were using NIV; 6% had started NIV and stopped; 4% had accepted a referral but not started; 3% had declined NIV; and 26% had never discussed NIV with a HCP. Demographic factors positively associated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with at least one NIV outcome included: being male, age < 65 years, residing in a metropolitan/regional area, attending a ALS multidisciplinary clinic, and longer time since diagnosis. <i>Conclusion:</i> NIV uptake among Australians with ALS appears to have increased in the last decade, however this survey identified concerning disparities related to sex, age, and location of residence. Research exploring the underlying causes of these disparities is urgently required so that targeted interventions can be designed and implemented.