Prevalence and Anatomical Distribution of Paranasal Sinus Osteomas: A Retrospective Analysis

Background and Objectives: Paranasal sinus osteomas (PSOs) are benign bony tumors with variable prevalence across different populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, anatomical distribution, and complications of PSOs in a contemporary Iraqi cohort. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary medical center in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, between March 2023 and September 2024. Computed tomography (CT) scans of 520 adult patients who underwent sinonasal imaging were reviewed. Two board-certified radiologists independently evaluated the presence, size, and location of osteomas. Descriptive analysis and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied. Results: Osteomas were identified in 16 out of 520 patients, yielding a prevalence of 3.5% (95% CI: 2.0–5.0%). The mean age of affected patients was 38.55 ± 13.93 years. The most commonly involved sites were the left ethmoidal and right frontal sinuses (each 25%), followed by the left frontal and right ethmoidal sinuses (each 18.75%). One patient (6.25%) experienced a complication—sinusitis. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a PSO prevalence consistent with global estimates. The majority of osteomas were located in the ethmoid and frontal sinuses and were asymptomatic, reinforcing the role of radiologic evaluation in sinonasal assessments.