Meteorological, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Factors Influencing Human Brucellosis Occurrence in Yunnan, China, 2006–2021: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Modeling Study

<b>Background:</b> Brucellosis epidemics in Yunnan Province in southern China have increased and caused more impact in recent years. However, the epidemiological characteristics and driving factors for brucellosis have not been clearly described. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution and potential factors for human brucellosis (HB) in Yunnan Province, 2006-2021. <b>Methods:</b> HB data were obtained from the China National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System. Global spatial autocorrelation and spatial scanning statistics were used to analyze the spatial patterns of brucellosis. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) Bayesian spatiotemporal models were applied to the analysis of potential risk factors, including environmental, meteorological, and socioeconomic factors. <b>Findings:</b> Between 2006 and 2021, a total of 2794 brucellosis cases were reported. The central and western regions were the most severely affected. GDP showed a positive correlation with brucellosis risk when in the range 0-30.9 billion RMB, peaking with a relative risk (RR) of 13.64 (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI]: 4.10, 49.10) at around 2.3 billion RMB. Conversely, a negative correlation was observed for GDP between 101 and 135 billion RMB, with the RR dropping to 0.14 (95% BCI: 0.01, 0.89) at 135 billion RMB. Brucellosis cases increased by 4.90% (95% BCI: 1.82%, 7.95%) per 1°C increase in temperature, while a 1° increase in slope reduced cases by 17.06% (95% BCI: 4.01%, 28.81%). <b>Interpretation:</b> Our findings suggest that socioeconomic factors play the greatest role in the occurrence of brucellosis in both northern and southern China; however, the effects of the environmental factors may be different between these areas. Differences in factors affecting each region need to be fully considered, and brucellosis prevention and control need to be adapted to these differences.