Endovascular Intervention of Portal Vein Stenosis in Pediatric Patients After Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience

BACKGROUND Portal vein stenosis (PVS) is a prevalent complication following pediatric liver transplantation (pLT) and significantly impacts long-term graft outcomes. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of balloon angioplasty and stent placement, calculated rates of restenosis or reintervention, and determined optimal interventional strategies for managing PVS following pLT. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 884 pLT recipients at our institution. PVS occurred in 67 patients; 64 successfully underwent interventional procedures. We comparatively analyzed patients who achieved satisfactory results following initial balloon angioplasty with those who required subsequent interventions. Factors, including history of portal vein bridging and donor-recipient portal vein discrepancy rate, were analyzed. Significant factors were used to develop a logistic regression-based risk prediction model. Kaplan-Meier curves estimated patient and graft survival rates. RESULTS Fifty-two patients (81.25%) demonstrated satisfactory recovery following initial balloon angioplasty among the 64 pLT recipients with PVS. Twelve patients had restenosis; 10 underwent subsequent interventions with successful outcomes. A comparative analysis between the initial balloon angioplasty success group and the reintervention group showed significant differences between the groups with respect to portal vein bridging history and portal vein discrepancy rate (P<0.05). A logistic regression-based prediction model for restenosis was established. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated an overall patient survival rate of 98.5% and a graft survival rate of 92.5% during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Patients with portal vein bridging history or poor donor-recipient PV matching are more prone to restenosis after initial balloon angioplasty. For such cases, we recommend direct stent placement as the initial treatment strategy.