Legal Regime of Maritime Spaces and Their Natural Resources in the Context of International Construction Contract Law

This article presents the results of a conducted study on the legal regime of maritime spaces and the natural resources therein in the context of international construction contract law. The study examines the interplay between the international legal norms enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the contractual provisions governing maritime construction projects. The research focuses on the regulation of port infrastructure, artificial maritime installations, and offshore facilities, with particular attention to the mechanisms for risk allocation, environmental obligations, and investor protection. The object of the study comprises maritime zones and natural resources utilized in major construction projects, while the subject of the research lies in the legal framework that regulates the planning, execution, and environmental control of such projects. The methodology employed includes a detailed analytical approach, comparative legal analysis, and an extensive review of judicial and arbitral practices. Standard contractual frameworks and pertinent international agreements serve as the foundation for this examination, ensuring a robust evaluation of both legislative and practical dimensions. The study also incorporates an assessment of relevant case law from international courts and arbitral tribunals, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolving legal principles in this field. The novelty of the research is reflected in its systematic synthesis of multi-jurisdictional legal precedents and the integration of sustainable development principles into the analysis. The findings indicate that adherence to established international norms and standardized contractual practices not only enhances legal certainty but also minimizes disputes between sovereign states and private entities, thereby promoting a balanced and sustainable approach to maritime infrastructure development.