Application of Silk Fibroin in Bone Tissue Engineering

骨缺损的修复仍是临床实践中的一大挑战，许多因素限制了自体和同种异体骨的应用。骨组织工程利用支架、细胞和生物活性因子的特殊混合，形成三维模拟骨结构，修复骨缺损，再生骨组织。丝素蛋白作为一种天然生物材料，凭借良好的生物相容性、可控的生物降解性、低免疫原性，以及广泛的来源和易于加工等特征，被设计成膜、水凝胶和支架等结构，在骨组织工程领域发挥着重要作用，拥有广阔的应用前景。本文叙述了丝素蛋白的结构属性和丝素蛋白溶液的制备流程，并对丝素蛋白在骨组织工程中各种形式的应用和改进方法进行了叙述总结。此外，本文还展望了丝素蛋白现阶段在骨组织工程中存在的瓶颈以及接下来的改进方向，展望了更为广阔的前景。The repair of large bone defects remains a major challenge in clinical practice, and many factors limit the application of autologous and allogeneic bone. Bone tissue engineering uses a special mixture of scaffolds, cells and bioactive factors to form a three-dimensional simulated bone structure, repair bone defects, and regenerate bone tissue. Silk fibroin, as a natural biomaterial, has good biocompatibility, controlled biodegradability, low immunogenicity, wide sources and easy processing. Silk fibroin has been designed into membranes, hydrogels and scaffolds, and plays an important role in bone tissue engineering with broad application prospects. In this paper, the structural properties of silk fibroin and the preparation process of silk fibroin solution are described, and the application and improvement methods of silk fibroin in bone tissue engineering are summarized. In addition, we also prospected the bottleneck of silk fibroin in bone tissue engineering at the present stage and the future improvement direction, and looked forward to a broader prospect.