Exercise & Pregnancy: Review article

Physical activity during pregnancy provides significant health benefits for both mother and fetus, including reduced risks of gestational diabetes, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, excessive weight gain, urinary incontinence, and postpartum depression. This narrative review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines and VIESE framework (Verification, Identification, Evaluation, Synthesis, and Evidence-based recommendation), synthesized evidence from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and WHO sources, focusing on clinical trials, guidelines, and systematic reviews related to prenatal exercise. The findings support the use of standardized screening tools like PARmed-X for Pregnancy and ePARmed-X+ to assess readiness for exercise. WHO recommends 150- 300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity weekly for pregnant women, along with light resistance training, flexibility exercises, pelvic floor training, and breathing techniques. The Borg RPE scale (3–6) is a practical method for monitoring exercise intensity. Key components of a prenatal exercise program include structured warm-up and cool-down phases, aerobic exercises like brisk walking, and posture-supporting movements such as bird-dog and pelvic tilt. Pelvic floor exercises—including Kegels, squats, and reclined cobbler pose—are essential for preventing incontinence and promoting smoother delivery. Proper hydration, environmental safety, and gradual progression are critical considerations. Although more research is needed on resistance training, current evidence supports its safety when modified for pregnancy. Overall, a customized, trimester-specific exercise plan tailored to a woman’s symptoms, tolerance, and pre-pregnancy fitness level can optimize maternal and fetal outcomes. This review underscores the importance of integrating evidence-based, individualized physical activity programs into prenatal care.