Alzheimer's Disease: Global Insights from Cause to Care

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia worldwide, accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases. Characterized by progressive cognitive decline, functional impairment, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, AD places a significant burden on individuals, caregivers, and healthcare systems. Advances in understanding its pathogenesis have centered on amyloid-beta (A) plaques, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, vascular contributions, and genetic predispositions. While no definitive cure exists, emerging therapies targeting amyloid and tau pathways offer cautious optimism. This review integrates global and regional data, discusses evolving diagnostic frameworks, therapeutic progress, physician-specific challenges, vascular risk interactions, and unique considerations in the Middle East context. Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, cause, care,