Risk Assessment of Surgical Site Infections After Cesarean Delivery in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Cases

BACKGROUND Cesarean sections in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) carry a heightened risk of surgical site infections. Understanding the risk factors associated with these infections can inform preventive strategies and improve patient outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2020 to December 2023 to identify risk factors for surgical site infections following cesarean sections in GDM patients. The study included 180 participants, with 60 in the surgical site infection group and 120 in the non-infected control group. Data collection focused on factors such as prophylactic antibiotic use, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, body mass index (BMI), examination frequency, amniotic fluid contamination, genital tract inflammation, and premature rupture of membranes. Statistical analysis used independent-sample t tests, the chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the infected and non-infected groups. Univariate analysis highlighted the significant association of prophylactic antibiotics use, frequent examinations, amniotic fluid contamination, genital tract inflammation, and premature rupture of membranes with increased infection rates. Multivariate logistic regression further identified these factors as independent risk factors for surgical site infections, with prophylactic antibiotics use emerging as a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS The study underscores the importance of several risk factors in the development of surgical site infections in cesarean section patients with GDM. Notably, prophylactic use of antibiotics was protective, while frequent examinations, amniotic fluid contamination, premature rupture of membranes, and genital tract inflammation increased infection risk. Targeted preventive measures addressing these factors are vital for reducing infection incidence.