Developmental changes in independent bimanual coordination: evidence from the circles–lines coupling task in children aged 5–13 years

Given that asymmetric bimanual control involves not only the fronto-parietal network but also executive functions in the prefrontal cortex and interhemispheric motor communication, the present behavioral findings may reflect multifaceted neural maturation during childhood-specifically, the development of the fronto-parietal network, prefrontal cortex, and transcallosal motor pathways. The BC task, which requires only minimal equipment and administration time, may serve as a valid, cost-effective, and developmentally sensitive tool for quantifying bimanual coordination abilities in children. Its practical applicability highlights its potential as an assessment measure for motor development in both research and clinical contexts. This study contributes to a better understanding of how independent bimanual control emerges during childhood and may inform future approaches to evaluating fine motor function in pediatric neuromotor disorders.