Review of Various Microbiota Modifications Due to Environmental Pollutant Exposure Causing Type 2 Diabetes in Rodent Model Experiments

Introduction: In recent years, chemical-induced diabetes especially some endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are classified as diabetogen. Aim/Objectives: The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the diabetogenic nature and its resultant gut microbiome changes in mice exposed to EDCs. Methods: This study was done by searching online database, PubMed using MesH terms; and gut microbiome/microbiota. Articles with EDC induced hyperglycemia and those performed meta-genomics analysis were included. All parameters including experimental set-up, biochemical tests, 16SrRNA sequencing were tabulated and grouped based on the type of EDC used. Results: Out of 13 studies selected based on inclusion criteria, four administered POPs and three used emulsifiers. The metagenomics analysis reported a total of 13 phylum and 64 genera. Only four studies reported F/B ratio in which two showed increased pattern. Some unique OTUs of 58/66, 42/38 and 43/38 were observed in diabetes mice when induced with glycerol monolaurate, PCB126 and PCB77 as compared to the control mice respectively. In induction group, majority of the studies have reported enhanced Gram’s negative bacteria in which frequently documented organisms were Akkermansia and Lactobacillus, followed by Bifidobacterium, Bacteriodes and Helicobacter. Conclusion: The outcome of this meta-analysis clearly indicated the diabetogenic nature of EDCs and its role in altering the gut microbiome. Hence, several such studies have to be carried out for understanding the cumulative incidence of chemical induced diabetes and thereby make necessary policies to reduce the burden of diabetes.