Peak frequency–guided tissue proximity assessment during posterior wall isolation using the fixed-loop pulsed field ablation catheter

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has emerged as a novel tool for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in recent years. This tool induces apoptosis through electroporation of cardiomyocytes by generating an electrical field. Due to different threshold for the electroporation among various cell/tissue types, PFA can selectively target cardiac myocytes, resulting in minimal damage to surrounding non-cardiac structures and thus offering a superior safety profile. However, electrical field strength diminishes as distance increases.