DESIGN OF ROAD AND TRANSPORT STRUCTURES IN TERRITORIAL AND REGIONAL SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS

The relevance of the topic is due to the growing challenges in the field of spatial planning, urbanization and the need to form an effective transport infrastructure that meets the modern needs of population mobility. In many regions of Ukraine, there is an imbalance between the pace of development of road and transport facilities and the dynamics of changes in settlement systems, which complicates inter-territorial communication, reduces investment attractiveness and negatively affects socio-economic development. The design of road and transport facilities should be based on a comprehensive analysis of the settlement structure, ignoring this principle leads to irrational use of territory and resources. The lack of integrated approaches to planning transport infrastructure in connection with regional development strategies requires a rethinking of scientific and design principles. The purpose of the study is to formulate scientifically sound principles and approaches to the design of road and transport facilities taking into account the spatial organization of settlement systems at the territorial and regional levels. The work uses an interdisciplinary approach. Cartographic analysis was used to study the spatial structure of settlement, geographic information systems (GIS) to model transport network options, and the system analysis method was used to determine the impact of transport facilities on the development of settlement systems. The types of settlement systems were classified from the point of view of transport service. The principles of zoning and typification of road and transport facilities were developed according to the density of settlement and the hierarchy of settlements. An integrated model of combining transport planning with regional spatial development was proposed. The study proved that effective design of road and transport infrastructure is possible only if the territorial organization of settlement, socio-economic characteristics of the region and multi-level spatial interaction are taken into account. Practical recommendations include the inclusion of transport planning decisions in strategic documents for the spatial development of communities and regions, the adaptation of transport zoning methods to Ukrainian realities, and the development of a regulatory framework to support an integrated approach in design.