Operational strategies for a sustainable eco-friendly public transportation system: A comparative evaluation using traffic and emission microsimulation models

For carbon neutrality and alleviation of traffic congestion, large cities are considering the eco-friendly public transportation. While many researches have studied on selecting modes suitable for large cities, there is a lack of detailed comparative analysis of various operational strategies for different public transportation modes. It is essential to focus not only on comparing different public transportation modes but also on the operational strategies and methods that can be applied in various ways. This study assesses the sustainability of various operational strategies for eco-friendly modes by using economic, social, and environmental factors, utilizing the integrated approach with VISSIM and VisVAP for accurate simulation and analysis. We propose new public transportation modes and determine the most efficient operational strategies for implementing effective mass transit systems in cities. This methodology is validated by modeling the road conditions of large cities with heavy traffic. The findings indicate that the super BRT 3 3 Super BRT (S-BRT): Super BRT is dedicated facilities (dedicated roads, advanced stops, etc.) and real-time operating systems, with high speed and convenience BRT at the top of the class, providing subway-level bus service (The official name recognized by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of Korea) * The concept of S-BRT is presented in Appendix E through a simple conceptual diagram. dedicated mode operated in a one-way configuration, combined with various strategies, is superior to trams.