A Study on the Location of Multilevel Distribution Nodes in Rural Logistics Based on the Spoke-and-Axle Structure

Due to the relatively poor road traffic conditions and insufficient logistics facilities in China’s rural areas, logistics distribution is less efficient and more costly. For this reason, the construction of rural logistics multilevel distribution nodes becomes an important means to improve logistics distribution efficiency and reduce logistics costs. This study first analyzes the advantages of the axial-spoke layout of logistics distribution nodes and combines the characteristics of rural areas to propose a multilevel distribution node layout scheme suitable for rural logistics. Second, an improved sparrow search algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of too many nodes for rural logistics node location, and finally, the location analysis of multilevel distribution nodes based on the spoke-and-axle structure is carried out. The research results show that the improved sparrow search algorithm can be used to solve the problem in this paper, and the degree of road development in China's rural areas and the fixed cost of secondary distribution centers will affect the layout of rural logistics nodes to a certain extent.