Primary and secondary Pregnancy outcomes of Rural Women with Early Gestational Glucose Intolerance (EGGI) of a Tertiary care hospital in India

Background: The rising prevalence of GDM is primarily driven by modifiable risk factors like obesity, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and pre-existing insulin resistance, which can be reduced through early interventions. Aim of study: This study aimed to determine early prediction of hyperglycemia and gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant rural women by early screening of dysglycemia in 8-10 weeks of gestational gestation. Methodology: This study was focused on 135 antenatal care (ANC) mothers in rural areas, given the importance of this population. It explored various parameters, including demographic factors, postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels, and Oral Glucose Challenge Test (OGCT) at specific times. Results: It was found that elevated early PPBS levels were linked to a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight, large for gestational age (LGA) babies, preterm births, increased NICU admissions, and elevated rates of pregnancy-related hypertension and gestational hypertension. Conclusion: Women with elevated early PPBS levels ≥110 mg/dl who received targeted management showed improvements in controlling blood glucose levels, potentially reducing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The study advocates for early detection of elevated blood glucose levels, which enables timely interventions such as dietary education and lifestyle modifications.