Comparative Electrochemical Performance Study of LiMPO₄ Cathode Materials

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the progress of comparative research on the electrochemical performance of LiMPO4 (M=Fe, Mn, Co) cathode materials. The effects of different metal ions M on the electrochemical performance of LiMPO4 cathode materials are analyzed in depth from the aspects of voltage plateau, specific capacity, energy density, cycling performance, multiplication performance and safety. LiFePO4 has a wide range of applications in power and energy storage by virtue of its stable olivine structure, moderate charge/discharge plateau, and good cycling stability, but its low electronic conductivity limits the multiplicative performance. LiMnPO4 has high theoretical specific capacity and operating voltage, but poor electronic conductivity and structural stability lead to poor cycling performance. LiCoPO4 exhibits excellent electronic conductivity and multiplicity properties, however, high cost, scarce resources, and low safety constrain its large-scale application. The optimization effects of modification strategies such as carbon capping, ion doping, and preparation process on the electrochemical properties of LiMPO4 materials were also investigated. Through the systematic comparison of the electrochemical performance of LiMPO4 series of cathode materials, the advantages and limitations of each material are made clear to provide theoretical basis and research ideas for the development of new high-performance cathode materials and the optimization design of battery system.