Analysis of Contradictions Between the Coal Mining Process and Water Resources in China

This paper examines the escalating conflict between coal mining and water resources in China, with a focus on two primary impacts: water loss and water pollution. This paper analyses the coexistence of open-pit and underground coal mines and the inverse spatial distribution of coal and water resources, which exacerbate environmental pressures in mining areas. This study categorizes water loss into surface water loss, groundwater depletion, and mine water discharge while discussing water pollution in surface and underground. A series of case-based mitigation strategies are proposed to address the described coal mining water conflicts. This paper further reviews a range of treatment technologies, including conventional systems, physical and chemical precipitation, and advanced electrochemical desalination methods such as electrodialysis and membrane capacitive deionization. Engineering methods such as grouting, goaf backfilling, and mine water reuse are also discussed. These findings highlight the need for region- specific, integrated technical solutions and policy support to promote sustainable coal mining and water management in China.