Buddhism and the Suppression of Bon: A Paradox of Peace and Religious Hegemony

Buddhism is widely recognized for its teachings on non-violence (ahimsa), compassion, and tolerance. Yet, history reveals that when it became intertwined with state power, it sometimes participated in the suppression of other traditions. The case of Bon in Tibet is a striking example. Despite its core principles of tolerance, Buddhist rulers and institutions engaged in the systematic marginalization, suppression, and even destruction of Tibet’s indigenous religious system. Despite its suppression, Bon demonstrated remarkable resilience, adapting to Buddhist influence while preserving its distinct identity. By analyzing this case, the paper explores the paradox of how a religion of peace contributed to the systematic erasure of another faith. The study highlights how institutionalized religion, even one rooted in peace, can become an instrument of religious hegemony when intertwined with state power.