Multi-level hierarchical multi-hop quantum teleportation based on GHZ-Bell states

Abstract The development of quantum communication technologies has made the efficient transmission and processing of quantum states increasingly important. This paper first introduces a traditional multi-hop quantum teleportation scheme based on simultaneous entanglement swapping(SES). In this scheme, different quantum channels are used for odd-hop and even-hop quantum teleportation, respectively. The specific quantum communication processes of two-hop, three-hop, and four-hop are introduced in turn, and the transmission law of n-hop quantum teleportation is summarized. On this basis, a multi-level hierarchical simultaneous entanglement swapping(MHSES) scheme for multi-hop quantum teleportation is further proposed, which is achieved by dividing the multi-hop quantum network into multiple segments with multiple levels of processing. In each level, the intermediate nodes only need to send the measurement results to the nodes at the end of the segment, thus greatly reducing the forwarding of classical information. IBM Qiskit was used to simulate the operation of these two schemes in ideal and noisy environments. Finally, the proposed scheme is compared with the existing conventional quantum teleportation schemes, and the results show that the proposed scheme achieves better results in terms of reduced classical resource consumption and reduced time delay.