Multicomponent Exercise Module: Guidelines for Improving Frailty, Hemodynamic Parameters, and Balance in Older Adults

Background: One in five older adults in Indonesia experiences frailty. Multicomponent exercise is one of the recommended strategies for managing frailty in older adults. However, this exercise is difficult to implement without clear program guidelines. In this study, a training guide in the form of a Multicomponent Exercise Program (MEP) module was developed and implemented, but its effectiveness in improving the physical performance of frail elderly individuals remains unknown.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the MEP module in improving frailty, hemodynamic parameters, and balance in pre-frail and frail elderly individuals.Methods: A quasi-experimental design involving 17 participants (73.47 ± 8.43 years). The MTP intervention was conducted three times per week over 12 weeks, comprising flexibility, balance, aerobic, and strength exercises. Categorical data were analyzed using the McNemar test, while continuous data were analyzed using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, α = 0.05.Results: PLM reduced frailty scores, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure (p < 0.001), and improved balance (p = 0.023) in the elderly. The training also improved frailty status in the elderly, with 41.18% of frail participants becoming pre-frail, and 5.88% transitioning from pre-frail to robust.Conclusion: PLM in this module is effective in improving frailty, hemodynamic parameters, and balance in the elderly. However, this needs to be confirmed with a larger sample size and a better study design.